Latest changes in Praat.
5.0.40 (November 10, 2008)
Improved reading and writing of text files (faster, bigger).
5.0.39 (November 1, 2008)
praatcon -a (for sending ANSI encoding when redirected)
5.0.38 (October 28, 2008)
FormantGrid: To Formant...
5.0.36 (October 20, 2008)
ExperimentMFC: accepts nonstandard sound files.
5.0.35 (October 5, 2008)
Scale times by... and Scale times to... (Modify menu).
5.0.34 (September 22, 2008)
Shift times by... and Shift times to... (Modify menu).
Sound: Combine to stereo works even if the two mono sounds have different durations or time domains.
5.0.33 (September 9, 2008)
Windows: prevented warning messages about "Widget type".
5.0.32 (August 12, 2008)
Contributed by Ola Söder: kNN classifiers and k-means clustering.
Made UTF-16-encoded chronological TextGrid files readable.
5.0.31 (August 6, 2008)
Macintosh: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.30 that caused Praat to crash when you pressed the Tab key in a window without text fields.
5.0.30 (July 22, 2008)
Macintosh and Windows: tab navigation.
5.0.29 (July 8, 2008)
OTMulti: can record history.
Picture window: corrected text in Praat picture files.
5.0.28 (July 3, 2008)
Windows: audio output uses DirectX (next to Multi-Media Extensions).
5.0.27 (June 28, 2008)
Phonetic symbols: breve (ă).
Annotation: improved some SpellingChecker commands.
Table: can now set string values that contain spaces.
5.0.26 (June 15, 2008)
Windows: sound recording no longer makes your laptop's fan spin.
Windows: no longer any 64 MB limit on recorded sounds.
Linux: audio input and output uses Alsa (next to OSS).
5.0.25 (May 31, 2008)
OT learning: added decision strategy ExponentialMaximumEntropy.
5.0.24 (May 14, 2008)
Linux: corrected a bug at start-up.
5.0.23 (May 9, 2008)
Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when you edited an Artword that you had read from a file.
5.0.22 (April 26, 2008)
Editing formant contours: FormantGrid.
5.0.21 (April 22, 2008)
Annotating with Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Korean characters, and many more (on Macintosh and Windows).
5.0.20 (April 8, 2008)
ExperimentMFC: prevented the OK key from working if no response (and goodness choice) had been made.
OT learning: sped up learning from partial outputs by a factor of five or more.
5.0.19 (April 4, 2008)
TextGrid window: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.17 that could cause Praat to crash when handling point tiers.
5.0.18 (March 31, 2008)
Manipulation window: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.17 that caused Praat to crash when adding the first duration point.
Sound: added Extract all channels.
OT learning: added OTGrammar & PairDistribution: Find positive weights....
ExperimentMFC: corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash when the second of multiple experiments referred to non-existing sound files.
5.0.17 (March 29, 2008)
Sped up vowel editor by a large factor.
OT learning: corrected Exponential HG update rule from OT-GLA to HG-GLA.
OT learning: shift Exponential HG average constraint weight to zero after every learning step.
5.0.16 (March 25, 2008)
Macintosh: returned to old compiler because of incompatibility with MacOS X 10.4.
5.0.15 (March 21, 2008)
Windows: more reliable dropping of files on the Praat icon when Praat is already running.
5.0.14 (March 20, 2008)
David's vowel editor (New → Sound).
Formulas: corrected scaling of sinc function.
5.0.13 (March 18, 2008)
Corrected drawing of histograms.
TextGrid window: selected part of the TextGrid can be extracted and saved.
TextGrid: more complete conversion between backslash trigraphs and Unicode.
Windows: more reliable dropping of files on the Praat icon when Praat is not running yet.
Formulas: sinc function.
5.0.12 (March 12, 2008)
Bigger ligature symbol (k͡p).
5.0.11 (March 7, 2008)
Corrected writing of new binary Manipulation files (you can send any unreadable Manipulation files to Paul Boersma for correction).
5.0.10 (February 27, 2008)
Added the characters đ and Đ.
Windows: made praatcon.exe compatible with Unicode command lines.
5.0.09 (February 16, 2008)
Windows: corrected a bug by which Praat would not open files that were dragged on the Praat icon if the names of these files or their directory paths contained non-ASCII characters.
Linux: ignore the Mod2 key, because of its unpredictable assignment.
5.0.08 (February 10, 2008)
Corrected the minus sign (\-m = "−").
5.0.07 (February 8, 2008)
Object IDs are visible in editor windows.
5.0.06 (January 31, 2008)
Corrected a bug that caused Find again in the TextGrid window not to work.
Macintosh: made Praat work correctly on 10.3 computers with missing fonts.
5.0.05 (January 19, 2008)
All Matrix, Sound, Spectrogram, Pitch, Ltas, and Spectrum objects (and more) are now in 52-bit relative precision (instead of the earlier 23 bits).
Corrected a bug that could lead to "Unknown opcode (0)" messages when drawing large sounds (more than 16 million samples) in the Picture window.
Macintosh: solved around a bug in the C library that could cause incorrect representation of non-ASCII characters (in the OTGrammar window).
5.0.04 (January 12, 2008)
Windows: corrected a bug introduced in 5.0.03 that caused Praat to crash if you pressed a key in the Sound window.
Macintosh: some cosmetic corrections.
5.0.03 (January 9, 2008)
Scripting: guard against opening the same file more than once.
Table: possibility of regarding a column as a distribution (Generate menu).
Macintosh: corrected line colours.
5.0.02 (December 27, 2007)
TextGrid window: corrected the drawing of numbers to the right of the tiers.
Corrected a bug that caused Praat to crash when doing SpectrumTier: List.
5.0.01 (December 18, 2007)
Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when redrawing the sound or TextGrid window.
5.0 (December 10, 2007)
Corrected many bugs.
Display font sizes in points rather than pixels.
4.6.41 (December 9, 2007)
Windows: corrected a bug that could cause listening experiments not to run when the directory path included non-ASCII characters; the same bug could (under comparable circumstances) cause scripted menu commands not to work.
Corrected a bug that could cause null bytes in data files when the text output encoding preference was try ISO Latin-1, then UTF-16.
4.6.40 (December 3, 2007)
Corrected some minor bugs.
4.6.39 (December 1, 2007)
Manual: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when viewing certain manual pages with pictures.
Scripting: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when a long string was used as an argument to a procedure.
4.6.38 (November 19, 2007)
More extensive logistic regression.
4.6.37 (November 15, 2007)
Object list shows numbers.
Macintosh: corrected saving of non-ASCII text settings.
4.6.36 (November 2, 2007)
Sound and TextGrid windows: direct drawing of intensity, formants, pulses, and TextGrid.
Regular expressions: corrected handling of newlines on Windows.
Scripting: improved positioning of settings windows for script commands in editors on Windows.
4.6.35 (October 22, 2007)
Windows and Linux: better positioning of form windows of editor scripts.
Macintosh: OTMulti learning window more compatible with non-ASCII characters.
4.6.34 (October 18, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in September that could cause Praat to crash when starting up if the user had explicitly made action commands visible or invisible in an earlier session.
4.6.33 (October 16, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in September that caused Praat to crash when a PointProcess window was opened without a Sound.
Macintosh: objects with non-ASCII names show up correctly in the list.
4.6.32 (October 14, 2007)
Unicode support for names of objects.
Linux: first Unicode support (in window titles).
Windows scripting: corrected a bug that caused weird characters in Paste History.
4.6.31 (October 8, 2007)
TextGrid window: made Save command available again for TextGrid windows without a sound.
Corrected a bug that caused binary Collection files with objects with names with non-ASCII characters to be unreadable.
4.6.30 (October 3, 2007)
OTMulti: added an evaluate command in the Objects window, so that paced learning becomes scriptable.
Macintosh: worked around a feature of a system library that could cause Praat to crash when reading a Collection text file that contained objects with non-ASCII names.
4.6.29 (October 1, 2007)
OT learning: leak and constraint in OTMulti.
Support for writing Table, TableOfReal, Strings, OTGrammar and OTMulti in Unicode.
4.6.28 (October 1, 2007)
OT learning: positive constraint satisfactions in OTMulti tableaus.
Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when reading a non-UTF-8 text file when the "Text reading preference" had been set to UTF-8.
4.6.27 (September 29, 2007)
Corrected redrawing of text with non-ASCII characters.
4.6.26 (September 29, 2007)
Corrected reading of high UTF-8 codes.
4.6.25 (September 26, 2007)
ExperimentMFC: can set font size for response buttons.
4.6.24 (September 24, 2007)
Czech, Polish, Croatian, and Hungarian characters such as č ů ť ę ś ł ć ő (see Special symbols).
Some support for Hebrew characters such as א ב וּ (see Special symbols).
4.6.23 (September 22, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that caused crashes in text handling (mainly on Linux).
Info commands in editors.
4.6.22 (September 17, 2007)
Phonetic symbols: added the nonsyllabicity diacritic (a̯).
Macintosh: worked around a feature of a system library that could cause strange behaviour of forms in scripts with non-ASCII characters.
4.6.21 (September 5, 2007)
Sound and TextGrid windows: direct drawing of selected sound to the picture window.
4.6.20 (September 2, 2007)
Introduced direct drawing of spectrogram and pitch to the Praat picture window from Sound windows and TextGrid windows.
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 by which Inspect did not show all data in a TextGrid.
4.6.19 (August 31, 2007)
Macintosh: worked around a bug in a system library that caused Praat to crash (since version 4.6.13) when removing a boundary from a TextGrid interval in MacOS X 10.3 or earlier.
4.6.18 (August 28, 2007)
Sound: Filter (formula): now works in the same way as the other filter commands (without adding an empty space at the end), and on stereo sounds.
4.6.17 (August 25, 2007)
Windows: improved rotated text, also for copy-paste and printing.
Windows: phonetic characters on the screen now require the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font.
Picture settings report (mainly for script writers).
Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when closing a manual page that had been read from a file.
4.6.16 (August 22, 2007)
Macintosh: corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that could cause Praat to crash when drawing a spectrogram in MacOS X 10.3 or earlier.
4.6.15 (August 21, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.14 that prevented the use of Helvetica in the Picture window.
Corrected a bug in "Read Table from table file...", introduced in 4.6.13.
4.6.14 (August 20, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.13 that prevented any other font than Palatino in the Picture window.
Macintosh: corrected height of subscripts and superscripts (broken in 4.6.13).
4.6.13 (August 16, 2007)
TextGrid: corrected reading of chronological files.
Macintosh: text looks better (and rotated text is now readable on Intel Macs).
Macintosh: phonetic characters on the screen now require the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font.
4.6.12 (July 27, 2007)
OTGrammar bug fix: leak and constraint plasticity correctly written into OTGrammar text files.
4.6.11 (July 25, 2007)
OTGrammar: introduced constraint plasticity for slowing down or halting the speed with which constraints are reranked.
OTGrammar: introduced leak for implementing forgetful learning of correlations.
OTGrammar: positive constraint satisfactions are drawn as `+' in tableaus.
4.6.10 (July 22, 2007)
Improved reading of UTF-16 data files.
Improved error messages when reading text files (line numbers are mentioned).
Table: Get group mean (Student t)...
4.6.09 (June 24, 2007)
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.07 that caused a crash when reading Collections.
Corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.07 that caused incorrect Open buttons in Inspect.
How come 4.6.07 introduced those bugs? Because of large changes in the Praat source code as a result of the transition to Unicode.
4.6.08 (June 22, 2007)
Windows: worked around a `feature' of the C library that caused 3-byte line-breaks in the buttons file.
Windows: returned to smaller font in script window.
OT learning: corrected a bug in PositiveHG.
4.6.07 (June 20, 2007)
Sound files: MP3 as LongSound (implemented by Erez Volk).
Scripting: Unicode support for strings and script window (Mac and Windows only).
4.6.06 (June 4, 2007)
Script window: corrected a bug introduced in 4.6.05 that could cause incorrect symbols in saved files.
4.6.05 (June 2, 2007)
Sound files: reading MP3 audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).
4.6.04 (May 29, 2007)
OT learning: added decision strategy PositiveHG.
4.6.03 (May 24, 2007)
Spectral slices have better names.
4.6.02 (May 17, 2007)
Sound files: writing FLAC audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).
4.6.01 (May 16, 2007)
Removed a bug that caused downsampling (and therefore formant measurements) to be incorrect for stereo sounds.
4.6 (May 12, 2007)
4.5.26 (May 8, 2007)
Sound files: reading FLAC audio files (implemented by Erez Volk).
4.5.25 (May 7, 2007)
Table: Rows to columns...
Table: Collapse rows... (renamed from Pool).
Table: Formula (column range)...
OT learning: OTGrammar window shows harmonies.
4.5.24 (April 27, 2007)
OT learning: added decision strategy MaximumEntropy; this has the same harmony determination method as Harmonic Grammar (include the additive constraint noise), but there is some more variability, in that every candidate gets a relative probability of exp(harmony).
4.5.23 (April 26, 2007)
Macintosh: much smaller sizes (in kilobytes) of spectrograms for printing and clipboard; this improves the compatibility with other programs such as Microsoft Word for large spectrograms.
4.5.22 (April 25, 2007)
Macintosh: improved drawing of spectrograms for printing and clipboard (this was crippled in 4.5.18, but now it is better than before 4.5.18).
4.5.21 (April 24, 2007)
OT learning: corrected HarmonicGrammar (and LinearOT) learning procedure to the stochastic gradient ascent method applied by J\a"ger (2003) to MaxEnt grammars.
Scripting: removed a bug that could make selection checking (in dialog windows) unreliable after a script was run.
4.5.20 (April 19, 2007)
Scripting: allow assignments like pitch = To Pitch... 0 75 600.
PitchTier Formula: guard against undefined values.
4.5.19 (April 2, 2007)
Scripting: allow comments with "#" and ";" in forms.
Windows audio playing: attempt at more compatibility with Vista.
4.5.18 (March 30, 2007)
Macintosh: better image drawing (more grey values).
More tabulation commands.
More SpectrumTier commands.
Picture window: keyboard shortcut for Erase all.
4.5.17 (March 19, 2007)
Picture window: can change arrow size.
Several List commands.
Spectrum: To SpectrumTier (peaks).
4.5.16 (February 22, 2007)
Sound-to-Intensity: made resistant against undefined settings.
Windows: made Ctrl-. available as a shortcut.
Linux: made it more likely to find the correct fonts.
4.5.15 (February 12, 2007)
Windows XP: worked around a bug in Windows XP that could cause Praat to crash when the user moved the mouse pointer over a file in the Desktop in the file selector. The workaround is to temporarily disable file info tips when the file selector window is on the screen.
4.5.14 (February 5, 2007)
Scripting: some new predefined string variables like preferencesDirectory$.
4.5.13 (February 3, 2007)
For stereo sounds, pitch analysis is based on correlations pooled over channels (rather than on correlations of the channel average).
For stereo sounds, spectrogram analysis is based on power density averaged across channels (rather than on the power density of the channel average).
Scripting: removed a bug introduced in 4.5.06 that caused some variables not to be substituted.
4.5.12 (January 30, 2007)
Made cross-correlation pitch analysis as fast as it used to be before 4.5.11.
4.5.11 (January 29, 2007)
Sound objects can be stereo, for better playback quality (most analyses will work on the averaged mono signal).
Macintosh: recording a sound now uses CoreAudio instead of SoundManager, for more compatibility with modern recording devices, and the possibility to record with a sampling frequency of 96 kHz.
ManPages allow picture scripts with separate object lists.
Linux: better scroll bars in object list for Lesstif (Debian).
Linux: made Create Strings as file list... work on Reiser.
sendpraat scripts correctly wait until sounds have played.
4.5.08 (December 20, 2006)
ExperimentMFC: can use stereo sounds.
4.5.07 (December 16, 2006)
Macintosh: playing a sound now uses CoreAudio instead of SoundManager.
Phonetic symbols: ˈprimary stress and ˈseconˌdary stress.
4.5.06 (December 13, 2006)
Support for 32-bit floating-point WAV files.
Scripting: removed several kinds of restrictions on string length.
SSCP: Draw confidence ellipse: corrected a bug that would sometimes not draw the ellipse when N was very large.
4.5.05 (December 5, 2006)
Macintosh scripting: European symbols such as ö and é and ç are now allowed in file names in scripts and in MacRoman-encoded file names sent by other programs through the sendpraat subroutine.
4.5.04 (December 1, 2006)
Sound: Change gender...: corrected a bug that often caused a female-to-male conversion to sound monotonous.
4.5.03 (November 29, 2006)
Table: added independent-samples t-test.
Linux: corrected a bug introduced in 4.5.02 that prevented sounds from playing and other weird things.
4.5.02 (November 16, 2006)
Corrected yet another bug in the new Sound: To IntervalTier (silence)....
4.5.01 (October 28, 2006)
Sound window: the pitch drawing method is Curves, Speckles, or Automatic.
Corrected another bug in the new Sound: To IntervalTier (silence)....
4.5 (October 26, 2006)
4.4.35 (October 20, 2006)
In ManPages you can now draw pictures.
4.4.34 (October 19, 2006)
Corrected a bug in the new Sound: To IntervalTier (silence)....
4.4.33 (October 4, 2006)
Windows: corrected a bug introduced in 4.4.31 that caused Praat to skip the first line of the Buttons file.
4.4.32 (September 30, 2006)
Scripting: more techniques for object selection.
Scripting: more support for putting the results of the Info command into a string variable.
4.4.31 (September 23, 2006)
Support for plug-ins.
Split between Create Strings as file list... and Create Strings as directory list....
4.4.30 (August 28, 2006)
Table: Draw ellipse (standard deviation)...
4.4.29 (August 21, 2006)
Allowed "European" symbols in file names and object names.
4.4.28 (August 10, 2006)
Windows XP: Praat files can finally again be opened by double-clicking and by dragging them onto the Praat icon.
Scripting (Windows): removed a bug that caused Praat to crash if the script window was closed when a file selector window was open.
4.4.27 (August 4, 2006)
Table window: corrected vertical scroll bar (on Windows).
Formulas: invSigmoid.
Logging: added 'power' (and documented the 'freq' command).
Removed a bug that caused Read two Sounds from stereo file... not to work in scripts.
4.4.26 (July 24, 2006)
Sound & FormantTier: Filter: much more accurate.
4.4.25 (July 16, 2006)
TextGrid reading: don't set first boundary to zero for .wrd label files.
4.4.24 (June 19, 2006)
Scripting: regular expressions allow replacement with empty string.
4.4.23 (June 1, 2006)
Table: ignore more white space.
4.4.22 (May 30, 2006)
Scripting: replacing with regular expression. See Formulas 5. String functions.
4.4.21 (May 29, 2006)
Made Manipulation objects readable again.
4.4.20 (May 3, 2006)
Removed limit on number of menus (Praat could crash if the number of open windows was high).
4.4.19 (April 28, 2006)
Table: Get mean, Get standard deviation, Get quantile.
4.4.18 (April 24, 2006)
Table: Edit: view the contents of a table.
Table: Scatter plot.
Scripting: more warnings against missing or extra spaces.
4.4.17 (April 19, 2006)
Table: Pool: computing averages and medians of dependent variables for a selected combination of independent variables.
Table: Formula accepts string expressions as well as numeric expressions.
Table: Sort can sort by any number of columns.
Table: Create with column names.
Table: Report mean.
Formulas: row\$ and col\$ attributes.
Warning when trying to read data files whose format is newer than the Praat version.
4.4.16 (April 1, 2006)
Spectrum window: dynamic range setting.
SoundRecorder: corrected a bug in the Intel Mac edition.
4.4.15 (March 30, 2006)
Source code even more compatible with 64-bit compilers.
4.4.14 (March 29, 2006)
Source code more compatible with 64-bit compilers.
4.4.13 (March 8, 2006)
Table To TableOfReal: better handling of --undefined-- values (are now numeric).
MacOS X: TextGrid files can be double-clicked to open.
Create Strings as file list...: now handles up to 1,000,000 files per directory.
4.4.12 (February 24, 2006)
TextGrid: removed a bug introduced in 4.4.10 that caused Praat to crash when converting an IntervalTier into a TextGrid.
4.4.11 (February 23, 2006)
Listening experiments: removed a bug that could cause Praat to crash when an ExperimentMFC object was removed.
4.4.10 (February 20, 2006)
Intel computers: corrected reading and writing of 24-bit sound files (error introduced in 4.4.09).
Create TextGrid: guard against zero tiers.
MacOS X: correct visibility of Praat icon.
MacOS X: correct dropping of Praat files on Praat icon.
4.4.09 (February 19, 2006)
Macintosh: first Intel Macintosh version.
Windows: Create Strings from directory list...
4.4.08 (February 6, 2006)
Much improved cepstral smoothing.
4.4.07 (February 2, 2006)
More scripting facilities (local variables in procedures, e.g. .x and .text$).
Faster formulas.
4.4.06 (January 30, 2006)
More scripting facilities (Object_xxx [ ], Self.nx, Table_xxx$ [ ], better messages).
Better reading and writing of Xwaves label files.
4.4.05 (January 26, 2006)
ExperimentMFC: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash when the Oops button was pressed after the experiment finished.
TextGrid: an IntervalTier can be written to an Xwaves label file.
4.4.04 (January 6, 2006)
Windows: Quicktime support (see at 4.4.03).
4.4.03 (January 6, 2006)
Macintosh: Quicktime support, i.e., "Read from file" can now read the audio from several kinds of movie files (.mov, .avi).
4.4.02 (January 5, 2006)
OT learning: allow the decision strategies of Harmonic Grammar and Linear OT.
4.4.01 (January 2, 2006)
Picture window: "Logarithmic marks" allows reversed axes.
Manipulation window: removed a bug from "Shift frequencies" that caused much too small shifts in semitones.
TextGrid: "Remove point...".
4.4 (December 19, 2005)
4.3.37 (December 15, 2005)
Principal component analysis: now accepts tables with more variables (columns) than cases (rows).
TIMIT label files: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash for files whose first part was not labelled.
4.3.36 (December 11, 2005)
Ltas: Average.
Optimality Theory: compute crucial rankings (select OTGrammar + PairDistribution).
4.3.35 (December 8, 2005)
ExperimentMFC: switched off warnings for stereo files.
4.3.34 (December 8, 2005)
Sound window: the arrow scroll step is settable.
You can now run multiple listening experiments (ExperimentMFC) in one "Run".
Formant: Get quantile of bandwidth...
4.3.33 (December 6, 2005)
Removed three bugs introduced in 4.3.32 in ExperimentMFC.
4.3.32 (December 5, 2005)
Many more possibilities in ExperimentMFC.
4.3.31 (November 27, 2005)
Sound: To Ltas (pitch-corrected)...
4.3.30 (November 18, 2005)
TableOfReal: Scatter plot: allows reversed axes.
4.3.29 (November 11, 2005)
Windows: many more font sizes.
4.3.28 (November 7, 2005)
Fontless EPS files: corrected character width for Symbol font (depended on SILIPA setting).
Windows: more reliable detection of home directory.
4.3.27 (October 7, 2005)
TextGrid & Pitch: draw with text alignment.
4.3.26 (September 29, 2005)
Macintosh: corrected error introduced in 4.3.25.
4.3.25 (September 28, 2005)
Macintosh: allowed recording with sample rates of 12 and 64 kHz.
4.3.24 (September 26, 2005)
Table: Down to TableOfReal...: one column of the Table can be used as the row labels for the TableOfReal, and the strings in the remaining columns of the Table are replaced with whole numbers assigned in alphabetical order.
4.3.23 (September 24, 2005)
Read Table from comma-separated file...
Read Table from tab-separated file...
Write picture as fontless EPS file: choice between XIPA and SILIPA93.
Bold IPA symbols in EPS files (fontless SILIPA93 only).
4.3.22 (September 8, 2005)
Macintosh: variable scroll bar size (finally, 7 years since System 8.5).
4.3.21 (September 1, 2005)
Macintosh: error message if any of the fonts Times, Helvetica, Courier and Symbol are unavailable at start-up.
Renamed "Control" menu to "Praat" on all systems (as on the Mac), to reflect the fact that no other programs than Praat have used the Praat shell for five years.
Script editor: Undo and Redo buttons (only on the Mac for now).
Manual: corrected a bug that sometimes caused Praat to crash when trying to print.
4.3.20 (August 18, 2005)
Log files: include name of editor window.
4.3.19 (July 20, 2005)
Improved buttons in manual.
TableOfReal: Read from headerless spreadsheet file: allow row and column labels to be 30,000 rather than 100 characters.
4.3.18 (July 12, 2005)
Glottal source for sound synthesis, corrected and documented.
4.3.17 (July 7, 2005)
Glottal source for sound synthesis.
Multi-level Optimality Theory: parallel evaluation and bidirectional learning.
4.3.16 (June 22, 2005)
Pitch drawing: corrected logarithmic scales.
4.3.15 (June 22, 2005)
Graphics: better dotted lines in pitch contours; clipped pitch curves in editor windows.
Pitch analysis: more different units (semitones re 1 Hz).
4.3.14 (June 14, 2005)
Scripting: regular expressions.
Removed a bug that caused Praat to crash if a proposed object name was longer than 200 characters.
4.3.13 (May 19, 2005)
Macintosh: an option to switch off screen previews in EPS files.
Sources: compatibility of makefiles with MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows).
4.3.12 (May 10, 2005)
Some more manual tricks.
4.3.11 (May 6, 2005)
TextGrid editor: show number of intervals.
4.3.10 (April 25, 2005)
Table: Get logistic regression.
4.3.08 (April 19, 2005)
OT learning: store history with "OTGrammar & Strings: Learn from partial outputs...".
4.3.07 (March 31, 2005)
Linux: removed a bug that could cause a sound to stop playing.
4.3.04 (March 9, 2005)
Use SIL Doulos IPA 1993/1996 instead of 1989.
4.3.03 (March 2, 2005)
TextGrid window: green colouring of matching text.
Regular expressions can be used in many places.
Pitch analysis: switched off formant-pulling.
4.3.02 (February 16, 2005)
TextGrid: Remove boundary at time...
Scripting: corrected nowarn.
Linux: guard against blocking audio device.
Macintosh: guard against out-of-range audio level meter.
4.3.01 (February 9, 2005)
Replaced PostScript font SILDoulosIPA with XIPA (adapted for Praat by Rafael Laboissière).
Sound: Set part to zero...
Pitch: To Sound (sine)...
Sound & TextGrid: Clone time domain.
Praat 4.3, January 26, 2005
General:
`Apply' button in settings windows for menu commands and in script forms.
Info window can be saved.
Removed 30,000-character limit in Info window.
Phonetics:
Speeded up intensity analysis by a factor of 10 (by making its time resolution 0.01 ms rather than 0.0001 ms at a sampling frequency of 44 kHz).
Speeded up pitch analysis and spectrogram analysis by a factor of two.
Sound: To Spectrum... now has a reasonably fast non-FFT version.
Calibrated long-term average spectrum (Sound: To Ltas...).
Pitch-corrected LTAS analysis.
Sound: Scale intensity.
PitchTier: To Sound (sine).
Better warnings against use of the LPC object.
Voice:
July 9, 2004 (4.2.08): Shimmer measurements: more accurate and less sensitive to additive noise.
More extensive voice report: pitch statistics; harmonicity.
Audio:
Reading and opening 24-bit and 32-bit sound files (saving still goes in 16 bits).
LongSound: save separate channels.
Macintosh: much faster reading of WAV files.
Listening experiments:
Subjects can now respond with keyboard presses.
Graphics:
One can now drag the inner viewport in the Picture window, excluding the margins. This is nice e.g. for creating square viewports or for drawing a waveform and a spectrogram in close contact.
Unix: picture highlighting as on Mac and Windows.
More drawing methods for Sound and Ltas (curve, bars, poles, speckles).
OT learning:
Monitor rankings when learning.
OTGrammar: Remove harmonically bounded candidates...
OTGrammar: Write to headerless spreadsheet file...
Metrics grammar: added *Clash, *Lapse, WeightByPosition and *MoraicConsonant.
Scripting:
nowarn, noprogress, nocheck.
Line numbers.
Praat 4.2, March 4, 2004
General:
July 10, 2003: Open source code (General Public Licence).
Phonetics:
Faster computation of spectrum, spectrogram, and pitch.
More precision in numeric libraries.
PitchTier: Interpolate quadratically.
TextGrids can be saved chronologically (and Praat can read that file again).
Sound editor window Time step settings...: "Automatic", "Fixed", and "View-dependent".
Sound window: distinguish basic from advanced spectrogram and pitch settings.
Read TableOfReal from headerless spreadsheet file...: cells with strings are considered zero.
Sound window: introduced time step as advanced setting.
Sound window: reintroduced view range as advanced setting.
Ltas: Compute trend line, Subtract trend line.
Audio:
Sun workstations: support audio servers.
Graphics:
Better selections in Picture window and editor windows.
Picture window: better handling of rectangles and ellipses for reversed axes.
Windows: corrected positioning of pictures on clipboard and in metafiles.
Windows: EPS files check availability of Times and TimesNewRomanPSMT.
Polygon: can now also paint in colour instead of only in grey values.
Unlimited number of points for polygons in PostScript (may not work on very old printers).
Picture window: line widths on all printers and clipboards are now equal to line widths used on PostScript printers: a line with a line width of "1" will be drawn with a width 3/8 points. This improves the looks of pictures printed on non-PostScript printers, improves the looks of pictures copied to your wordprocessor when printed, and changes the looks of pictures copied to your presentation program.
OT learning:
Metrics grammar supports 'impoverished overt forms', i.e. without secondary stress even if surface structures do have secondary stress.
Support for crucially tied constraints and tied candidates.
Support for backtracking in EDCD.
Queries for testing grammaticality.
Scripting:
ManPages: script links can receive arguments.
ManPages: variable duration of recording.
Support for unlimited size of script files in editor window on Windows XP and MacOS X (the Unix editions already had this).
Improved the reception of sendpraat commands on Windows XP.
Praat 4.1, June 5, 2003
General:
MacOS X edition.
Removed licensing.
More than 99 percent of the source code distributed under the General Public Licence.
Windows 2000 and XP: put preferences files in home directory.
Phonetics:
Spectrum: the sign of the Fourier transform has changed, to comply with common use in technology and physics. Old Spectrum files are converted when read.
Spectral moments.
Many jitter and shimmer measures, also in the Sound editor window.
PitchTier: shift or multiply frequencies (also in ManipulationEditor).
TextGrid: shift times, scale times.
Overlap-add synthesis: reduced buzz in voiceless parts.
Sound: Change gender...
Editors: Intro 3.6. Viewing a spectral slice.
Editors: Get spectral power at cursor cross.
Sound: To PointProcess (periodic, peaks)...
Ltas: merge.
Listening experiments:
Goodness judgments.
Multiple ResultsMFC: To Table, so that the whole experiment can go into a single statistics file.
Stimulus file path can be relative to directory of experiment file.
ExperimentMFC: multiple substimuli for discrimination tests.
Statistics:
New Table object for column statistics: Pearson's r, Kendall's τ-b, t-test.
Table: scatter plot.
Table: column names as variables.
T-test.
TableOfReal: Extract rows where column...
TableOfReal: Get correlation....
Correlation: Confidence intervals...
SSCP: Get diagonality (bartlett)...
OT learning:
Tutorial for bidirectional learning.
Random choice between equally violating candidates.
More constraints in metrics grammar.
Learning in editor.
Graphics:
Printing: hard-coded image interpolation for EPS files and PostScript printers.
Scripting:
New Formulas tutorial.
Formulas: can use variables without quotes.
Formulas for PitchTier, IntensityTier, AmplitudeTier, DurationTier.
Refer to any matrices and tables in formulas, e.g. Sound_hello (x) or Table_everything [row, col] or Table_tokens [i, "F1"].
Assignment by modification, as with += -= *= /=.
New functions: date$(), extractNumber, extractWord$, extractLine$. See Formulas 5. String functions.
Scripting 5.7. Including other scripts.
String formulas in the calculator.
Stopped support of things that had been undocumented for the last four years: let, getnumber, getstring, ARGS, copy, proc, variables with capitals, and strings in numeric variables; there are messages about how to modify your old scripts.
Disallowed ambiguous expressions like -3^2.
Praat 4.0, October 15, 2001
Editors:
Simplified selection and cursor in editor windows.
Spectrogram, pitch contour, formant contour, and intensity available in the Sound, LongSound, and TextGrid editors.
TextGrid editor: additions and improvements.
Log files.
Phonetics library:
ExperimentMFC: multiple-forced-choice listening experiments.
Sound: To Pitch (ac)...: pitch contour less dependent on time resolution. This improves the constancy of the contours in the editors when zooming.
TextGrid: additions and improvements.
Sounds: Concatenate recoverably. Creates a TextGrid whose interval labels are the original names of the sounds.
Sound & TextGrid: Extract all intervals. The reverse of the previous command.
Filterbank analyses, MelFilter, BarkFilter and FormantFilter, by band filtering in the frequency domain.
Cepstrum by David Weenink: MFCC, LFCC. Cepstrum object is a representation of the complex cepstrum.
Intensity: To IntensityTier (peaks, valleys).
Replaced Analysis and AnalysisEditor with Manipulation and ManipulationEditor.
Phonology library:
PairDistribution: Get percentage correct (maximum likelihood, probability matching).
OTGrammar & PairDistribution: Get percentage correct...
Graphics:
Improved spectrogram drawing.
Special symbols: háček.
Macintosh: improved screen rendition of rotated text.
Audio:
Macintosh: support for multiple audio input devices (sound cards).
Statistics and numerics library:
More statistics by David Weenink.
Improved random numbers and other numerical stuff.
Regular expressions.
Scripting:
Formatting in variable substitution, e.g. 'pitch:2' gives two digits after the decimal point.
Added fixed$ to scripting language for formatting of numbers.
Documentation:
Multidimensional scaling tutorial.
Enabled debugging-at-a-distance.
Praat 3.9, October 18, 2000
Editors:
Shift-click and shift-drag extend or shrink selection in editor windows.
Grouped editors can have separate zooming and scrolling (FunctionEditor preferences).
Cursor follows playing sound in editors; interruption by Escape key moves the cursor.
TextGridEditor: optimized for transcribing large corpora: text field, directly movable boundaries, more visible text in tiers, SpellingChecker, type while the sound is playing, complete keyboard navigation, control font size, control text alignment, shift-click near boundary adds interval to selection.
Stereo display in LongSound and TextGrid editors.
LongSoundEditor and TextGridEditor: write selection to audio file.
SoundEditor: added command "Extract selection (preserve times)".
IntervalTierEditor, DurationTierEditor.
Added many query commands in editors.
Phonetics library:
Sound: To Formant...: sample-rate-independent formant analysis.
Sound: To Harmonicity (glottal-to-noise excitation ratio).
Pitch: support for ERB units, draw all combinations of line/speckle and linear/logarithmic/semitones/mels/erbs, optionally with TextGrid, Subtract linear fit.
Spectrum: Draw along logarithmic frequency axis.
TextGrid: modification commands, Extract part, Shift to zero, Scale times (with Sound or LongSound).
Matrix: To TableOfReal, Draw contour...
Concatenate Sound and LongSound objects.
File formats: save PitchTier in spreadsheet format, read CGN syntax files (XML version), text files now completely file-server-safe (independent from Windows/Macintosh/Unix line separators).
Statistics and numerics library:
Principal component analysis.
Discriminant analysis.
Polynomial: drawing, root finding etc.
TableOfReal: Draw box plots....
Covariance: To TableOfReal (random sampling)....
SSCP: Get sigma ellipse area....
Query DTW for 'weighted distance' of time warp.
Distributions: To Strings (exact)...
Strings: Randomize.
Phonology library:
OTGrammar: To PairDistribution.
Graphics:
Full support for colour inkjet printers on Windows and Macintosh.
Full support for high-resolution colour clipboards and metafiles for Windows and Macintosh programs that support them (this include MS Word for Windows, but unfortunately not MS Word for Macintosh).
Colour in EPS files.
Interpolating grey images, i.e. better zoomed spectrograms.
Linux: support for 24-bits screens.
Audio:
Asynchronous sound play.
Linux: solved problems with /dev/mixer ("Cannot read MIC gain.") on many computers.
Added possibility of zero padding for sound playing, in order to reduce clicks on some Linux and Sun computers.
LongSound supports mono and stereo, 8-bit and 16-bit, μ-law and A-law, big-endian and little-endian, AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST files.
"Read two Sounds from stereo file..." supports 8-bit and 16-bit, μ-law and A-law, big-endian and little-endian, AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST files.
SoundRecorder writes to 16-bit AIFC, WAV, NeXT/Sun, and NIST mono and stereo files.
Sound & LongSound: write part or whole to mono or stereo audio file.
Read Sound from raw Alaw file.
Artword & Speaker (& Sound) movie: real time on all systems.
Scripting:
Formulas 4. Mathematical functions: added statistical functions: χ2, Student T, Fisher F, binomial, and their inverse functions.
Windows: program praatcon for use as a Unix-style console application.
Windows and Unix: Praat can be run with a command-line interface without quitting on errors.
Unix & Windows: can use <stdout> as a file name (supports pipes for binary data).
sendpraat now also for Macintosh.
sendsocket.
Read from file... recognizes script files if they begin with "#!".
Script links in ManPages.
Documentation
Tutorials on all subjects available through Intro.
Praat 3.8, January 12, 1999
Phonetics library
New objects: LongSound (view and label long sound files), with editor; PairDistribution.
Overlap-add manipulation of voiceless intervals, version 2: quality much better now; target duration is exactly as expected from Duration tier or specified lengthening in Sound: Lengthen (overlap-add)....
Audio: Escape key stops audio playing (on Mac also Command-period).
SoundRecorder: allows multiple recordings without close; Play button; Write buttons; buffer size can be set.
Reverse a Sound or a selection of a Sound.
Sound: Get nearest zero crossing....
Formant: "Scatter plot (reversed axes)...".
TextGrid & Pitch: "Speckle separately...".
"Extract Sound selection (preserve times)" in TextGridEditor.
More query commands for Matrix, TableOfReal, Spectrum, PointProcess.
Phonology library
25-page OT learning tutorial.
Made the OT learner 14 times as fast.
Systems
May 23: Windows beta version.
April 24: Windows alpha version.
Files
Read more Kay, Sun (.au), and WAV sound files.
"Read Strings from raw text file..."
Create Strings as file list....
"Read IntervalTier from Xwaves..."
hidden "Read from old Windows Praat picture file..."
Graphics
Use colours (instead of only greys) in "Paint ellipse..." etc.
More true colours (maroon, lime, navy, teal, purple, olive).
Direct printing from Macintosh to PostScript printers.
Hyperpage printing to PostScript printers and PostScript files.
Phonetic symbols: raising sign, lowering sign, script g, corner, ligature, pointing finger.
Shell
November 4: all dialogs are modeless (which is new for Unix and Mac).
September 27: sendpraat for Windows.
Scripting
January 7: scriptable editors.
October 7: file I/O in scripts.
August 23: script language includes all the important functions for string handling.
June 24: string variables in scripts.
June 22: faster look-up of script variables.
June 22: unlimited number of script variables.
April 5: suspended chopping of trailing spaces.
March 29: enabled formulas as arguments to dialogs (also interactive).
Praat 3.7, March 24, 1998
Editors:
In all FunctionEditors: drag to get a selection.
Phonetics library:
Many new query (Get) commands for Sound, Intensity, Harmonicity, Pitch, Formant, Ltas, PitchTier, IntensityTier, DurationTier, FormantTier.
Many new modification commands.
Many new interpolations.
Sound enhancements: Sound: Lengthen (overlap-add)..., Sound: Deepen band modulation...
Source-filter synthesis tutorial, Sound & IntensityTier: Multiply, Sound & FormantTier: Filter, Formant: Formula (frequencies)..., Sound: Pre-emphasize (in-line)....
Labelling
TextGrid queries (Get times and labels in a script).
TextGrid: Count labels....
PointProcess: To TextGrid (vuv)...: get voiced/unvoiced information from a point process.
IntervalTier to TableOfReal: labels become row labels.
TextTier to TableOfReal.
Numerics and statistics library
Multidimensional scaling (Kruskal, INDSCAL, etc).
TableOfReal: Set value, Formula, Remove column, Insert column, Draw as squares, To Matrix.
Phonology library
OT learning: new strategies: weighted symmetric plasticity (uncancelled or all).
Praat shell
First Linux version.
Eight new functions like e.g. hertzToBark in Formulas 4. Mathematical functions.
Praat script: procedure arguments; object names.
Documentation:
230 more man pages (now 630).
Hypertext: increased readability of formulas, navigation with keyboard.
Praat 3.6, October 27, 1997
Editors:
Intuitive position of B and E buttons on left-handed mice.
SoundEditor: copy windowed selection to list of objects.
SoundEditor: undo Cut, Paste, Zero.
SpectrumEditor: copy band-filtered spectrum or sound to list of objects.
ManipulationEditor: LPC-based pitch manipulation.
Objects:
Use '-', and '+' in object names.
Phonetics library
LPC-based resynthesis in ManipulationEditor.
Sound: direct modification without formulas (addition, multiplication, windowing)
Sound: filtering in spectral domain by formula.
Create a simple Pitch object from a PitchTier (for F0) and a Pitch (for V/U).
Semitones in PitchTier tables.
PointProcess: transplant time domain from Sound.
Much more...
Phonology library
Computational Optimality Theory. See OT learning.
Hypertext
You can use ManPages files for creating your own tutorials. These contains buttons for playing and recording sounds, so you can use this for creating an interactive IPA sound training course.
Scripting:
Programmable Praat script language: variables, expressions, control structures, procedures, complete dialog box, exchange of information with Info window, continuation lines.
Use system-independent relative file paths in Praat script.
ScriptEditor: Run selection.
Graphics:
Rotation and scaling while printing the Picture window.
Apart from bold and italic, now also bold-italic (see Text styles).
Rounded rectangles.
Conversion of millimetres and world coordinates.
Measurement of text widths (screen and PostScript).
Unix:
Use the sendpraat program for sending messages to running Praat programs.
Mac:
Praat looks best with the new and beautiful System 8.
Praat 3.5, May 27, 1997
New editors:
TextGridEditor replaces and extends LabelEditor: edit points as well as intervals.
AnalysisEditor replaces and extends PsolaEditor: view pitch, spectrum, formant, and intensity analyses in a single window, and allow pitch and duration resynthesis by overlap-add and more (would be undone in 3.9.19).
SpectrumEditor allows you to view and edit spectra.
Praat shell:
History mechanism remembers all the commands that you have chosen, and allows you to put them into a script.
ScriptEditor allows you to edit and run any Praat script, and to put it under a button.
All added and removed buttons are remembered across sessions.
ButtonEditor allows you to make buttons visible or invisible.
Evaluations:
In his 1996 doctoral thesis, Henning Reetz compared five pitch analysis routines; Sound: To Pitch (ac)... appeared to make the fewest errors. H. Reetz (1996): Pitch Perception in Speech: a Time Domain Approach, Studies in Language and Language Use 26, IFOTT, Amsterdam (ICG Printing, Dordrecht).
Documentation:
140 more man pages (now 330).
Tables and pictures in manual.
Printing the entire manual.
Logo.
New classes:
Labelling & segmentation: TextGrid, IntervalTier, TextTier.
Analysis & manipulation: Analysis.
Statistics: TableOfReal, Distributions, Transition
File formats:
Read and write rational numbers in text files.
Read 8-bit .au sound files.
Read and write raw 8-bit two's-complement and offset-binary sound files.
Audio:
16-bit interactive Sound I/O on Mac.
Record sounds at 9.8 kHz on SGI.
New commands:
Two more pitch-analysis routines.
Sound to PointProcess: collect all maxima, minima, zero crossings.
PointProcess: set calculus.
TextGrid: extract time-point information.
Compute pitch or formants at given time points.
Put pitch, formants etc. in tables en get statistics.
Many more...
Macintosh:
16-bit interactive sound I/O.
Fast and interpolating spectrogram drawing.
Phonetic Mac screen font included in source code (as a fallback to using SIL Doulos IPA).
Keyboard shortcuts, text editor, help under question mark, etc.
Praat 3.3, October 6, 1996
Documentation: hypertext help browser, including the first 190 man pages.
New editors: class TextTier for labelling times instead of intervals.
New actions: Formant: Viterbi tracker, Statistics menu, Scatter plot.
Evaluation: For HNR analysis of speech, the cross-correlation method, which has a sensitivity of 60 dB and a typical time resolution of 12 milliseconds, must be considered better than the autocorrelation method, which has a better sensitivity (80 dB), but a much worse time resolution (30 ms). For pitch analysis, the autocorrelation method still beats the cross-correlation method because of its better resistance against noise and echos, and despite its marginally poorer resolution (15 vs. 12 ms).
User preferences are saved across sessions.
The phonetic X screen font included in the source code.
Xwindows resources included in the source code
Graphics: eight colours, small caps, text rotation.
File formats: Sun/NexT mu-law files, raw matrix text files, Xwaves mark files.
Accelerations: keyboard shortcuts, faster dynamic menu, Shift-OK keeps file selector on screen.
Class changes: StylPitch and MarkTier are now called PitchTier and TextTier, respectively. Old files can still be read.
Script warning: all times in dialogs are in seconds now: milliseconds have gone.
Praat 3.2, April 29, 1996
Sound I/O for HPUX, Sun Sparc 5, and Sun Sparc LX.
Cross-correlation pitch and HNR analysis.
Facilities for generating tables from scripts.
Editing and playing stylized pitch contours and point processes.
Overlap-add pitch manipulation.
Spectral smoothing techniques: cepstrum and LPC.
Time-domain pitch analysis with jitter measurement.
Read and write Bell-Labs sound files and Kay CSL audio files.
Replaced IpaTimes font by free SILDoulos-IPA font, and embedded phonetic font in PostScript picture.
Completed main phonetic characters.
Praat 3.1, December 5, 1995
Add and remove buttons dynamically.
DataEditor (Inspect button).
Initialization scripts.
Logarithmic axes.
Call remote ADDA server directly.
To do
TextGrid & Sound: Extract intervals with margins.
Spectrum: draw power, re, im, phase.
Formant: To Spectrum (slice)... (combines Formant-to-LPC and LPC-to-Spectrum-slice)
Read and/or write Matlab files, MBROLA files, Xwaves files, CHAT files.
Matrix: draw numbers.
Fractions with \f{a|b}.
Move objects up and down list.
Spectrogram cross-correlation.
Labels in AIFC file.
Improve scrolling and add selection in hyperpages.
Segment spectrograph?
Phoneme-to-articulation conversion??
Known bugs in all editions
(small) No navigation by tabs.
(small) Tabs in texts should be considered spaces.
Known bugs in the Macintosh version
(small) Pause window modal.
(small) Cascade buttons grey after suspend+resume during progress window.
Movie window cannot be closed.
Known bugs in the Windows version
Cannot stand infinitesimal zooming in SpectrogramEditor.
Clipboards with greys sometimes become black-and-white after use of colour.
Known bugs in the Unix versions
(small) Motif messaging windows should have no parent and be modeless.
Known bugs in the Linux version
Sounds shorter than 200 ms do not always play (workaround: add zeroes in prefs).
Keyboard shortcuts do not work if NumLock is on.
Progress window does not always disappear.
Known bugs in the Solaris version
(serious for some) File names run out of the window in some Motif versions.
Known bugs in the HP version
(serious for some) Sound recording should be from audioserver instead of local.
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